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Which father is my real father?: Japan's 300-day rule

Hanako Tokita · 16:02

lingua → zht · zhs

In early May, the Japanese government announced that it will take a special measure to recognise children born within 300 days of their mother's divorce, given that the mothers became pregnant after divorce. This announcement came after a group of divorced women with children raised the issue on the current civil law, sparking debate in the National Diet.

Section 2 of Article 772 of the Japanese Civil Code, implemented in 1898, stipulates that a child born 200 days or more after its mother's marriage took place, or within 300 days after its mother's marriage was dissolved or terminated, is considered to have been conceived during her previous marriage. This means that the child must be added to the koseki of its mother's previous husband, or family registry, which causes tremendous distress for the mothers and other people involved. In order to prove that the child is not biologically related to the former husband, this former husband has to testify before the court. Many of these mothers avoid contact with their former husbands, or do not want their children to be registered in their former husbands' registries. In such cases, children do not have koseki.

The Ministry of Justice estimates that approximately 3,000 children are born under these circumstances every year. Those children who do not have family registries cannot receive various social services such as health care and pension programs, and are not issued passports.

Following the government's announcement, the issue has been extensively debated on many blog sites. An anonymous blogger argues that the law does not need to be changed.

もし、新しい旦那の子供だと言い張るならみなさん、状況をよく考えて下さい。その女性は、離婚後すぐ（翌日くらいには？）彼氏が出来、妊娠し結婚しています。そんなことありえますか？明らかに離婚前に不貞行為をおかしているようにしか思えません。侵していないとしても、離婚後すぐに妊娠というのはいかがなものでしょうか？自業自得としか思えません。この法律になんの不具合があるのでしょうか？

If a woman insists that her kid is her new husband's, then think about the situation carefully. The woman had a new boyfriend right after (maybe like the day after) her divorce, got pregnant and remarried. Does it sound possible? What is clear is that this woman was conducting acts of infidelity before her divorce. Even if not, what's up with getting pregnant so soon after divorce? I can only think that this is their own fault. Is there anything wrong with this law?

もう一件、女性の再婚禁止期間の短縮も検討されているみたいですが１８０→１００日たった３ヶ月で再婚を決意するようなスピード結婚って、これも再離婚の可能性がありますよね？おたがいをよく知らないで結婚するって・・知った仲だと言い張るならこれも離婚前の不貞行為が感じられます。そんな法律じゃいけないと思うのです。むしろ、雁字搦めにするべきだと思います。例えば、子連れ離婚した場合は、再婚できないとか。ニュースで流れる虐待の１００％近く、再婚家庭や同居家庭です。あきらかに、子連れ再婚にはハイリスクがあります。なんの罪もない子供が、信じていた実の親に裏切られ虐待を受けるのですよ。この、状況に方があきらかに深刻ではないのでしょうか？

Another point, apparently the period women are not allowed to get remarried has been shortened from 180 days to 100 days. Getting remarried in three months will propbably end up in another divorce, won't it? Marrying someone you don't really know that well… If they insist that they know each other well, then I would suspect a case of infidelity. This kind of law is not good enough. In fact, I think they should be restrained. For instance, if a woman gets divorced and she has children, then she shouldn't be able to remarry, or something like that. Almost 100% of all cases of abuse we see on TV news happen in households with divorced parents or unmarried couples living together. Clearly, there is a risk in remarrying with children. Innocent children are betrayed and abused by their own parents whom they trust. Isn't this situation much more serious?

On the other hand, Toranekojiji writes that the law is behind the times and calls for affirmitive relief.

離婚後に生まれた子どもの父親を定める「３００日規定」は、明治時代にできた民法の内容をそのまま受け継いでいる。
一般的な妊娠期間を考慮したものだ。しかし、離婚後の妊娠でも早産で「３００日」に足りないと、前夫の子になってしまう。

離婚がすんなり決まるとは限らず、夫からの暴力で逃げていたり、離婚協議が長引くケースも少なくない。妊娠の時期より離婚成立が遅れると、再婚相手の子でも、別れた夫の戸籍に入る。

This “300 day rule”, which determines the father of a child born after its mother's divorce, inherits the substance of the Civil Code written in the Meiji era. It is based on the average gestation period. However, even in cases of conception after a divorce and preterm delivery, short of “300 days”, a child is regarded as an offspring of her former husband's.

Divorce is not necessarily granted easily. It is not rare that divorce mediation can drag on in such a case as a woman is running away from her husband's violence.

[…]
　
離婚前の妊娠でも、ＤＮＡ鑑定や調停の記録、別居状態を示す住民票などで、子どもの父親が誰かを判断することはできるはずだ。

法務省の運用見直しは、離婚後の妊娠であることを医師が証明すれば、３００日以内でも再婚した夫の子か非嫡出子として認めるものだ。一定の前進だが、これで救済されるケースはそう多くない。

離婚前の妊娠も見直し対象とした案は、“復古調”の家族観を持つ保守層の抵抗で頓挫している。長勢甚遠法務相は「貞操義務や性道徳」を持ち出した。女性の再婚禁止期間の短縮を盛り込んだことにも、自民党内の反発が高まった。

Even in the case of conception before a divorce, it must be possible to determine the father of the child based on DNA testings, arbitration records, and residence registry showing the state of separation.

In the revision by the Ministry of Justice, if a woman obtains a doctor's note proving that she got pregnant after her divorce, then her child will be regarded as either her new husband's child or an illegitimate child. Although it is a step forward, not a lot of cases will not be solved by this.

A bill which takes into account revision of pre-divorce pregnancy situations has been held back by the conservatives with reactionary family values. Justice Minister Nagase Jinen brought up the argument of “fidelity and sexual morals”. There was backlach within the Liberal Democratic Party over the insertion of a shorter restrictive period for women to get remarried.

[…]

離婚で苦しんだ女性が、子どもの戸籍の扱いで再び苦しむ事態も解消したい。今回の運用見直しで結論とせず、より多くの親子を救済する法改正へ
論議を深めたい。

We should redress situations where women who suffered through their divorce have to suffer again over her child's koseki. We should not conclude the issue based on the recent revision, but should develop this discussion in more depth towards amending the law to help more mothers and their children.

0 comments · »»

Russia: “Discrimination”

Veronica Khokhlova · 14:53

It sometimes takes more than money and time to have your computer fixed in Moscow: good looks, lots of patience and a special sense of humor may prove helpful as well. LJ user kmaka reports (RUS) on a recent conversation with a technical support service representative:

Discrimination

I call the service center to arrange taking my warrantied laptop there. I ask how long it'll take them to replace a CD-ROM. Ten days, they reply. How come, I say, all it takes is pushing one button twice… Well, there's this and that. I do arrange to take it there, then they'll make the order. And then, when the part arrives, I'll take it there again.

And you say you work from 10 to 6, I decide to clarify. Does it mean you really open at 10? That is, if I come at 10, will anyone be there?

No, they reply, there won't be anyone. Not until 11.

And could you somehow arrange for someone to be there, I say, because I have to go to work, too.

Well, a service representative Sergei tells me, if you are a long-legged, slender blonde, then yes, this can be arranged.

We ended up agreeing that Sergei would bother showing up at 10:30, thus doing a favor to a nice-looking brown-haired woman with an incredible decollete, husband and child.

I'm wondering now whether I should call the IBM headquarters and tell them about the peculiarities of the Russian service - or whether I should visit the hospitable office first.

0 comments · »»

Kuwait: Food, Protocol and Dust Storms

Abdullatif AlOmar · 12:25

What is the difference between Chicken Majboos and Chicken Biryani? How do you react when you are suddenly face to face with the Amir (Ruler) of Kuwait? And how do you survive a dust storm? These are just some of the issues Kuwaiti bloggers are discussing this week.

Rieaane, a Filipino living in Kuwait, shares with us how to cook a traditional Kuwaiti dish. She writes the full recipe and explains the difference between Chicken majboos (a Kuwaiti dish) and Chicken Biryani (an Indian dish) in her blog philq8.

I always love cooking and making experiments with the foods I found in our kitchen. Since I am in an Arab country right now, I always aim of cooking all the Arabic dishes that I want to eat. And since some of the ingredients of these dishes are not suitable in my taste, I always make a way to cook it in my own style and personal taste. I also noticed that the Chicken Biryani (Pinoy Style) which I posted here few months ago ranked 3rd in this blog’s top posts for the month of April. Few days ago, I tried to experiment arabic dish again called Majboos. It is an Arabic dish which is consist of long grain rice and chicken or meat. The meat or chicken were boiled before frying, then the rice is being cooked with the meat or chicken’s broth.

Krakatoa speaks about how he reacted when he came face to face with the Amir of Kuwait Shaikh Sabah Al Ahmed Al Jaber Al Sabah at a condolence meeting.

قد اكون أكثر شخص من عامة الشعب بطريقة مباشرة او غير مباشرة التقي بصاحب السمو امير البلاد يوم كان وزير ويوم صار أمير البلاد..مناسبات كثيرة التقى به وتطيح عيني بعينة ولكن لظروف خارجة عن الإرادة سواء مادية او معنوية لا استطيع السلام عليه..وطبعا السلام عليه كونه أولا رجل كبيرا في السن كاحترام..لكبر سنه..الثانية لكونه أمير البلاد وولي الأمر الثالثة كونه شيخ معروف.
اسوق هذه المقدمة لنني سأذكر حادثة اختلف فيها جميع من تكلمت معهم بها..سواء من الاهل او الاصدقاء او كبار السن، الحادثة كالتالي..قبل فترة كنت بمعية صديق نذهب لإداء واجب العزاء لصديق اخر وقد ذهبنا الى ديوانهم بعد جهد جهيد استطعنا العثور على الديوان..فكان الدخول من الباب الخلفي وليس من الباب الرئيسي للديوان..وعند الدخول استغربنا من وجوم الحاضرين وسكوتهم على غير عادة بعض العزاءات..حيث بعض الكلام الجانبي والتغشمر بين بعض الحاضرين..المهم..دوخلنا كان عن طريق صالة جانبية تؤدي الى بهو الصالة الرئيسة لقاعة العزاء، كان صديقي يتقدمني فتفاجأت به يقف عند باب الصالة الكبيره خلف احد الاشخاص ولم يكن احد امامنا ولا خلفنا وكان هذا الشخص الواقف خلفه صاحبي لا يتقدم للإداء واجب العزاء. فعرفت انه من حماية الشخصيات
المهم قلت لصديقي تقدم ( طوفه خن ندش) وما ان تقدم صاحبي وانا واذا بنا نتفاجأ بأن صاحب السمو جالس بالكرسي الملاصق لكبير العائلة ( بالكويتي اختبصنا ) لا ندري انسلم عليه سلام اليد ام نرفع ايدينا بمساك الله بالخير وندخل لنعزي على كبير العائلة ..كل هذه الامر حصل لثواني قليله فكان الاختيار الثاني هو سيد الموقف فرفعنا ايدينا بمساك الله بالخير حتى بدون طويل العمر او أي من الديباجات المعهودة ودلفنا نسلم على كبير العائلة نظرت الى صاحب السمو عين بعين..كتلك المرات التي اتطيح عيني بيعنيه فرأيت تلك النظرة اضغط لرؤية النظره ، وجلسنا قليلا ومن ثم احسن الله عزاكم وخرجنا من الباب الرئيسي الذي لم ندخل منه..وهناك وجدنا صاحبنا واقفا في الخارج فعزيناه..ووجدنا العربيات والمتورسيكلات والدنيا كلها وأفه..!!!
طبعا لم نلحظ أيا مما سبق كوننا دخلنا من الباب الخلفي للديوان واخذت افكر في هذه النظره..واوسوس ما إعجبة انه ماسلمنا عليه ولا اهي النظره عادية ولا شنو
المراد من كل هذا والسؤال المهم..هو
هل ان كنت في مثل هذ الموقف ( الشيخ جالس بكرسي ملاصق لعميد العائلة ولا يوجد احد جالس قبله فهو في اول الصف) ..أتسلم على الشيخ سلام اليد..ام ترفع يدك بالسلام من بعيد وتدخل لتعزي كبير العائلة؟؟؟

I may have had the most chances directly or indirectly to meet with His Highness the Emir of Kuwait when he was a minister. When he became the Emir, there were a lot of occasions where I met with him and had eye contact but for different reasons, I couldn't shake hands with him. Of course, I couldn't shake hands with him because he is an old man and there is respect for old people; Secondly, he is the Emir and thirdly, he is a known Shaikh (member of the Ruling family).
I wrote this forward to present this incident that everyone whom I spoke to about gave me a different opinion - be it family, friends or old people.
It happened as follows: Some time ago I was with a friend who went to pay our condolences to another friend. We went for their Dewaniya (a traditional section of Kuwaiti homes used
for social gatherings). After some time, we finally located their dewaniya, and we entered from side door - and not main door. When we entered we were amazed that everyone was quiet, unlike most condolence meetings we went to lately, where people were usually chatting and laughing. When we entered, my friend, who was in front of me, suddenly stopped. There were no one behind or in front of us. There was only one guy in front of us, who wasn't there for the condolences, so I figured he was a bodyguard. I told my friend: “pass him and let's enter ” and once my friend went forward we were surprised to find His Highness the Amir seated next to the family elder. Basically we were confused: should we shake his hands, or just verbally greet him and move on to pay our condolences to the family elder? All this happened in few seconds so the second option was our choose. We gestured and said “God bless you” to the Amir without any of the normally accompanying words like Your Highness and we paid our dues to the family elder.
When I looked at His Highness, we exchanged eye contact like in previous occasions.
We sat for a while and then left from the main door we didn't enter from. There, we found our friend standing outside so we paid our condolences to him. We also found the motorcade outside.
Of course, we didn't notice the motorcade before because we entered from the side door.
But I was thinking of that look I exchanged with the Amir. Was it a look to say he didn't approve of the way we acted or was it a normal look?
The most important part of this and my question is if you were in that situation (the Amir is sitting in a chair next to the family elder and there is no one sitting before him so he is the first in the row): would you shake hands with him or just gesture with hello and enter and pay your condolences to the family elder?

intlxpatr takes us on a tour of the old American Hospital in Kuwait.

I discovered the beautiful building we park in front of when we got to church is the Old American Hospital. I don’t know what it is used for now, but it has been beautifully renovated.

Qais over at io81 shares more of his business experience and how advertisements affected his business.

Following my earlier post of Gift Express, when i introduced my marketing campaigns:P they are small but i like calling them campaigns. I had to know what impact i got for the money i have spent on such ads.

Meanwhile, Ms Loala tells us about bad parking at Kuwait University.

Now don't tell me those two were on a hurry. Can you see the freaking distance between the two sidewalks??! This is unbelievable!

Finally, Forzaq8 was shocked with the dust storm over the weekend.

wow what a weather yesterday, the dust storm was obstructing view on the street , i was drivng on fifth ring road yesterday after i went out of my friend dewaniya

Picture from Forzaq8 flickr stream.

1 comment · »»

Hong Kong: From Indecent Student Magazine to Indecent Bible

Oiwan Lam · 04:43

lingua → mg

The campaign against the Bible was started by an anonymous website, truthbible, on 15 of May to protest against the Obscene Articles Tribunal's (OAT) internim ruling that two issues of Chinese University's student paper were indecent.

Uptill now, the website has received 2041 complaints, while the Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority (Tela) has received more than 2,300 before the weekend. Spokeperson from the Tela said that they wouldn't hand over the Bible to the OAT because Bible is a classic and its value has been recognised by the community.

The website cites a number of texts and stories from the Bible to show that it is full of violence, obscenity and discrimination, such as description of incest between father and daughters, rape, etc. However, the action actually gains support from Christians who want to use Bible for defending freedom of speech in Hong Kong.

In an internet joint statement (via inmediahk.net), it said:

我們不要忘記歷史的教訓：十六世紀宗教改革家加爾文生平最大污點，是對異見者塞爾維特 (Michael Servetus) 的殘酷逼害。

We shouldn't forget the historical lesson: The greatest mistake of the sixteenth century reformer Calvin was his oppression against Michael Servetus.

或許有人會覺得，投訴《聖經》豈非將《聖經》「擺上枱」？——但《聖經》從來都是應該被「擺上枱」，發光發亮的，而非只放在酒店抽屜陰暗處「辟邪」，或安於教堂的長椅背後、每逢到禮拜天才被翻幾頁。《聖經》教我們行公義、施憐憫，這些教導，都應該讓世人看得見！

Some might feel that the complaint against the Bible is to put Bible on the bargaining table, however, shouldn't the nature of Bible be put on the table, so that its glory will shine. We shouldn't put the Bible in the drawers or at the back of the long chairs in the church and recite the book once a week. We should show to the world that the teaching in the Bible is for us to practice justice, mercy and love.

cowcfj is an individual blogger joining the campaign, here is his explanation:

我的目的不在於要打倒聖經，而是要凸顯淫審處不合理的處理手法。…我相信，聖經就算送審了，最後也沒可能被裁定為「二級不雅」的，淫審處人員沒有這種膽量。他們只敢對大學生、明報下手。他們只是明光社手中的棋子。

My objective is not to beat down the Bible, but to show the unreasonable judgement of OAT… I believe that even the Tela had handed over the case to the OAT, the members wouldn't have the courage to rule it as “category II indecent”, they only target on university students, ming pao (local newspapers). They are just used as the tool of the Society of Truth and Light (translator's note a secular organization supported by conservative church).

Memory-Melody-Mentality quotes Malcolm X to explain the spirit of this action, the ultimate objective is an apology from OAT for their mistake:

著名黑人民權鬥士Malcolm X 曾說：「你跑到他的宮邸，希望他改正問題－－但偏偏問題就是他製造出來的。他就是罪犯。你不要把你的事交給罪犯，你應該把罪犯送到 (國際) 法庭。」我們都只是一群小市民，我們沒有能力把淫審處送到國際法庭，但我們有能力吸引世界的目光。我們將繼續以荒謬回應荒謬，我們會一直嘗試再一次讓路透社的oddly enough 報導香港，直至淫審處面對他的錯誤，公開道歉。

The famous human rights activist Malcolm X once said: “you run to his presidential house, wishing him to correct the problem, however, it is him who created the problem, he is the criminal. You shouldn't hand over the issue to the criminal, you should send the criminal to the (international) tribunal.” We are all citizen, we don't have the power to send the OAT to the international tribunal, but we can attract the world's attention. We will use farce in response to farce, we will try to create something so that international news agencies such as Reuters would use “oddly enough” to report on Hong Kong, until the OAT admits its mistake and makes public apology.

Since the Tela has refused to hand over the case to the tribunal, plastichk further questions the selective prosecution practice:

請問一聲，影視處是根據哪一條法律，去判斷「源遠流長的宗教文獻或文學作品」有豁免審查的特權 (Immunity)？

如何去判定「一般合理社會人士，普遍接受的道德禮教標準」？中大學生報只有百多宗投訴，聖經在兩日內卻已經有超過二千個投訴！

「道德禮教標準」是隨著時代改變的，以往普遍接受，不代表將來會繼續接受。
大家要留意，影視處是政府轄下的「行政機關」，而不是法院－－所以一句講晒，選擇性執法惡晒。

大家要決定啞忍，還是對這種不公不義的現況提出抗爭？去申訴專員公署投訴？籌錢向高院提出司法覆核？大家好好想一想吧。

Tell me, which regulation gives the Tela the power to grant immunity to “classical and historical religious and literature texts”? How to draw the line of “the moral standard generally accepted by ordinary people in a normal society”? We only have a hundred something complaints against the CU student press, but we have more than 2000 complaints on the Bible within two days!

“Moral standard” is changing according to time, it might be acceptable in the past, but it doesn't mean that it is acceptable in the future. Please notice that Tela is an “administrative body”, it is not a tribunal or court –we can conclude that it is selective prosecution.

Should we decide to be silent about that, or should we confront this unjust practice? Whether to complain to The Office of The Ombudsman (trans. note: a government body against abusive administrative power)? or to collect money for judicial review? Please think hard on this.

ESWN has translated the CU student magazine's questionaire which touched upon incest and animal love. Last week, the OAT warned a local newspapers that its report on the student magazine issue had also violated the indecency and obscenity ordinance as it had made some direct quotes from the questionaire. Therefore, by translating the questionaire, ESWN also ran the risk of a maximum fine of HK$400,000 and 12 months in jail.

Ooops… by linking to ESWN's article here at GVO, I will be in the same boat. Now you might get the meaning of using farce (complaint on Bible) against farces (OAT's ruling against student magazine and obscene hyperlink).

6 comments · »»

Korea: 518, Gwangju Massacre

Hyejin Kim · 01:59

It was 518. A number Koreans don’t forget. Blogs were filled with ‘518’ for several days in order to commemorate the Gwangju Massacre (Gwangju Democratizaion Movement) on the 18th of May, 1980. A blogger, thirdtype, posted a five minute video clip and the stories of the deceased.

Bloggers, like qts, show an impressive movie poster, ‘I wished it to be a dream,’ with her (or his) brief expression about 518.

학교다닐때는 입밖에도 내지 못하던 사건… 이젠 한국 민주화의 아이콘으로 자리잡은 518. 그 5월이 또 왔다. 언제짬내서 또 광주한번 다녀와야지.

The incident about which I couldn’t breathe a syllable when I was at school… But 518 has been the icon of democratization of Korea. May… it came back again. I should make time to drop by Gwangju.

A blogger, Level-B, talks about how he got to know about Gwangju Massacre.

그러니깐, 내가 처음 광주사태를 첨 알게 된 게 아마 대학교 1학년 때였을 거다. 학교 식당 앞에 빨래줄에 매달아놓은 그 희생자 사진들과 관련 사진들을 보고 아 씨바 이거 진짜야? 했던 나는 동아리방에 굴러다니던 책들을 통해 딱 11년 전 그 도시에서 있었던 일들을 알게 됐고 나를 비롯한 [우리]가 그 자장 속에 있을 수밖에 없다는 걸 깨달았다. 그리고 그때로부터 딱 16년 후인 오늘,
이제 광주는 일종의 성지 대접을 받고있고 별 그지 깽깽이까지도 다 망월동에 참배랍시고 가서는 껄떡대는 시대가 됐다.
권력에 환장했던 그 새끼들도 아직 멀쩡히 잘 살아있고 그때 도청에서 군인의 총에 맞아 죽은 사람들을 기리는 노래인 < 임을 위한 행진곡>은 이제 그 빛을 많이 잃어버렸다.

그래서?

뭐 잊지 말자는 말밖에는 할 게 없네.

It was about my freshman year that I got to know about the Gwangju Massacre first. In seeing photos of the victims hung by clothes spins in the school canteen, I couldn’t believe it really happened. Through books in my club, I learned what happened to the city eleven years before. Today 16 years after my freshman year, Gwangju has been turned into a sacred place and any kind of immoral bastards go to Mangwoldong to pretend to worship. The bastards who were crazy about power at that time are still alive and , which was used to commemorate the victims who were shot by soldiers, lost its own glory.
So?
Nothing else to say except “Don’t forget that date.”

A blogger, Ulariul, posted a documentary and explained how it changed his perspective.

난 관심 없다구..
광주 5.18 관심 없다구 라고 생각하고 있었다.
물론 그들의 만행에 대해선 어릴적부터 대학생들에게 들었던바 있다.
지금도 볼수 있을지 모르겠지만 그때 당시의 처참한 사진들을 난 봐왔었다.
그래도 난 나와 상관없다라고 생각했는데…

I’m not interested..
I always thought I’m not really interested in Gwangju 5.18.
Of course I have heard about the brutality since college.
At that time, I also saw cruel photos.
But I thought it’s not my business.

위의 다큐를 보면서 다시한번 피가 거꾸로 쏟구쳐 오는것을 느낀다.
전두환이 살아 있다는게… 너무나도 슬플 뿐이다.

On watching this documentary, my blood raises quickly up and down.
I’m just so sad… Chun Doo-hwan is still alive.

The young generation, like Canimg, commemorates it in their ways.

내가 태어난지 두달이 되었을때 이웃동네에서 일어난 사건이다.
고등학교때 친구하나는 1980년 5월 17일 광주에서 태어났다고 했다.
수많은 사람들이 죽어나갔던 그때 그 시점에도 새로운 생명은 태어난 것이다.
나서 죽는게 사람이겠지만, 억울하게 죽은 영혼이 더 아프지 않게,
그때 새로 태어난 우리가 위로해 주고 같이 아파해 주고…
다시 그런 세상이 되풀이 되지 않도록 제대로 만들어 가야 할텐데…

It was the incident that happened to my neighborhood two months after I was born. One of my high school friends said that she was born one day before it happened in the very place. The moment when numerous people were killed, new lives were still being born. That’s life… people are born and die, but let’s not the dead spirits be in pain anymore. We who were born at that time should console and understand their sorrow. I hope that kind of incident doesn’t happen anymore.

A young and really popular internet cartoonist made a series of cartoons on the internet showing how young generations who had painful stories from the incident try to get revenge on the main leader, Chun Doo-hwan, and young people who didn’t know about the incident had chances to learn about it.

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